Description
Bitumen con~ation is a low viscose thawed bitumen. By adding an emulsifier and dispersing Bitumen in water, the density reduces and we
will have low-density bitumen. So that it’s good for colorful operations including repairing roads, maintaining roads, waterproofing, scattering, etc.
This type of bitumen is liquid and because of it, there’s no need to toast bitumen before use. also, applying Emulsion Bitumen and using cold ways causes reduce energy waste and help road constructors to make roads more environmentally friendly. Bitumen Emulsion is a combination of water and bitumen. As the admixture of water and unctuous products separates snappily, thus, to keep the composition in a stable form, the third element called Emulsifier is added to it. In this combination, the share of each element is equal to Bitumen 55 to 65, Water 35 to 45, and Emulsifier is Max.0.5 wt. of Bitumen Emulsion.
In addition, it should be mentioned that emulsifiers have an electronic charge that affects the motes of Emulsion Bitumen and lead to the categorization of it into Cationic and Anionic Bitumen Emulsion charge. The electronic charge determines what kind of face should be used.
Some mineral summations similar to Marble have a well mixing with Anionic Bitumen Emulsion and some others like Granite have a better result with Cationic Bitumen Emulsion.
How to Produce Bitumen Emulsion?
PUB- LTD Co. Bitumen Emulsion product will be done in two simple way
The first step is
The water is mixed with the applicable emulsifier( The choice of emulsifier depends on its ionic nature) and another chemical element.
The alternate and last step is A blend of water, emulsifier, and chemical factors added to the Bitumen in a colloidal shop. The chance of Bitumen in this blend depends on the final use purpose. However, added bitumen is between 60 to 70, or in the average range, If it’s used for special or important workshops.
In addition, the colloidal shop breaks down the Bitumen into amazing bitsy driblets(Avg. 2Micron). But the driblets tend to stick together and settle. Now, the emulsifier works, and creating a sub caste around the driblets prevents them from sticking and settling. In other words, the emulsifier takes driblets suspended in the admixture. The final product is stored in the storehouse tanks and will be used where they need it.
Types of Bitumen Emulsion
Emulsion Bitumen is classified into two types
1) Grounded on Setting Time
a)Rapid Setting
b)Medium Setting
c)Slow Setting
2) Grounded on face Charge
a)Anionic Bitumen Emulsion
b)Cationic Bitumen Emulsion
1) Grounded on Setting Time
Generally, when the Bitumen Emulsion is applied to the summations for the road workshop, the water in the admixture will dematerialize and Bitumen will bind summations together and gain strength ultimately. In addition, grounded on setting time, we’ve three different types of Bitumen Emulsion as stated following:
a)Rapid Setting Bitumen Emulsion
In this type, Rapid Setting, the water that exists in the emulsion evaporates at a veritably high rate. This procedure begins when the admixture connects with the total.
b)Medium Setting Bitumen Emulsion
Medium Setting type does n’t break as when applied on mineral patches; Evaporation of water begins when the }ne dust patches will have mixed with con~ation admixture.
c)Slow Setting Bitumen Emulsion
In this type of Bitumen Emulsion, a special grade of emulsifier is used to decelerate the process of water evaporation, because these types of emulsifiers are fairly stable.
2) Grounded on Surface Charge
On one hand, if the patches’ face charge is negative, this Emulsion Bitumen is called Anionic with an ‘ A ’ letter as a symbol. On the other hand, if a ~yspeck’s face charge is positive, it’s called Cationic with an ‘ C ’ letter as a symbol.
There are some figures, prefixes, and suffixes that state them as below figures 1 and 2 indicate the density of con~ation bitumen. Number 1 means lower density and 2 means advanced density. In some grades, we will see the ‘‘ h ’’ and ‘‘ s ’’, where they mean grounded bitumen that’s used in this admixture harder, like 30/40, and/ or grounded bitumen con~ation is softer than normal, like80/100.
In addition, Bitumen Emulsion with softer grounded Bitumen is more suitable for mixing with beach minerals.
The pre}x ‘ HF ’ shows that the polymer emulsifying agent in Emulsion Bitumen creates a gel structure in the residue of bitumen. This structure allows a thicker coating of bitumen on the patches. carpeted patches by the thick film have further oxidization resistance under atmospheric conditions.
Important factors in Bitumen Emulsion grading:
1) density
2) Rigidity
3) Penetration
4) Storage Stability
5) ~yspeck Charge
1) density
In short, the density of Bitumen Emulsion depends on the quantum of bitumen. It’s necessary to mention for condensed patches, Emulsion Bitumen with a low density is demanded and for non-condensing Bitumen Emulsion with a high density is demanded. The lower the drop size, the more advanced the density.
2) Rigidity
This property is measured by the Rigidity test and determines the extent to which each instance can repel distortion before failure. The Bitumen Emulsion with its high rigidity, further than 40 cm, is more suitable for areas with heavy business, road shells, and especially for cold climates to help roads from distortion and cracking.
3) Penetration
The penetration test determines Bitumen Emulsion wimpiness by entering standard needles into it. The penetration range of Bitumen Emulsion is varied among Bitumen Emulsion grades.
5) Storage Stability
This factor indicates the stability of Emulsion Bitumen during storehouse. The most important result of this test is to determine the sedimentation of bitumen driblets. There are two main parameters that can affect this factor, storehouse stability, that state as below:
Density and Drop Size.
In short, The lower the drop size, the lower the agreement threat. To perform this test, Bitumen Emulsion is stored in a spherical stock tank, and gives it time to reach room temperature. After 24 hours of Bitumen Emulsion isotherm with the room, two samples will be taken, one of them will be from the top of the storehouse tank and the other will be from the bottom. also, the weight difference between the two samples is measured, which shouldn’t be further than one unit.
4) ~yspeck Charge
~yspeck Charge test is used to determine Positive Charge (Cationic) or Negative Charge (Anionic). In this test, if mixes deposition on the positive electrode (Anode), we conclude that this sample is Anionic Bitumen Emulsion, and vice versa.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Bitumen Emulsion
Bitumen Emulsion has some advantages as below:
* Road repairing operations will be done in the shortest time.
* It can be used in any season and temperature range between 8 to 50.
* It has long storehouse stability in the stock tank.
* It has a high ~exible density to apply for different operations.
* Provides good method ~eece with better working conditions.
* It can be used in areas that have moisture on wet patches summations.
* This type of bitumen isn’t ignitable.
Bitumen Emulsion has some disadvantages as below:
Bitumen Emulsion is an answerable type of Bitumen, if it is water grounded or cleaner grounded bitumen, there are no disadvantages. Still, if it’s grounded on Petroleum detergents like gasoline, by sinking this, poisonous substances similar as sulfur remain in the terrain, which can beget conditions to include cancer.
In addition, when temperature changes are veritably egregious or when stored for a long time, it may become two-phase and brittle.
Bitumen conflation operations
Currently, Bitumen mixes are used for road construction and conservation by mixing and scattering operations. This is if, in the 20th century, the only use of Emulsion Bitumen was to spot them on shells. PUB – LTD manufactured Bitumen Emulsion is used in multitudinous road construction operations and styles including method fleeces, chip seals, slurry seals, and micro surfacing. To more understand the below generalities and expressions, we compactly describe them below:
Method Coat
There are two grades of Emulsion Bitumen that are the stylist of choice for use in the pavement layers, CRS- 1 and CRS- 2. The stylish temperature to do method fleece operations is between 10 to 15. By using this type of bitumen, asphalt pavements’ strength and lifetime can be bettered at a low cost.
Chip Seals
Chip Seals is one of the most affordable ways to maintain pavements and cover under layers of it from oxidation and aging. Generally, this system is used for pastoral roads with low business volume. Also, it can be used to leak-proof old roads.
Slurry Seals
Engineers use this system, Slurry Seals, to give livery and integrated texture for roads. By mixing Bitumen Emulsion, summations, and paddings and also scattering them on pavements to seal them, rainfall and water-resistant will achieve.
Also, this system can be used in the conservation of pavements to help to reduce face damage due to oxidation but it can give well-conditioned strength to asphalt pavements.
Micro Surfacing
Another form of Slurry that’s used in road construction is Micro Surfacing, which is taken from Polymer Modified Emulsion Bitumen. What makes this emulsion, Micro Surfacing, further durable and robust than Slurry Seal, is the presence of thick summations in its structure.
To more apply this system, all accouterments and out}t are transported by a special machine, and mixing is done at the asked position and also applied on the face.
